Self-Efficacy and Self-Independence in Promoting Self-Employment Intention among University Students
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the role of self-efficacy and self-independence in promoting self-employment intention among university students. This study is developed based on entrepreneurial intention described by Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) (Ajzen, 1991) and Shapero and Sokol (1982). Although the evidence showed that one-third of new entrepreneurs in the United States were those individuals with the ages of 30 and below (Kuratko, 2005) butstill not all graduate students are willing to choose entrepreneurship as their career. There are still a limited number of students who are willing to start a business soon after they graduate from the university (Hisrich and Peters, 2002). Therefore, it is the aim of this study to investigate both roles of self-efficacy and self-independence in influencing the decision to choose self-employment as a career among university students. The respondents for this study were university students in Sabah, Malaysia. 400 questionnaires were distributed in this study resulting only in 260 usable questionnaires. Based on the results of this study, it was found that both self-efficacy and self-independence have a significant relationship with self-employment intention. This study, therefore, through its research and findings has contributed significantly to both theoretical and practical implications. This study is able to provide the information on the factors that determine self-employment career among university graduates.
Downloads
References
Achchuthan , S.& Nimalathasan, B. (2012). Entrepreneurial motivation and self employment intention: case study on management undergraduates of university of Jaffna. In C.N. Wickramasinghe & W.M. madururupperuma (Eds), Serious in Management Business( Economics and Entrepreneurship). University of Kellaniya, SriLanka, 77-90.
Ajzen, I. 1991. The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 50(2):179-211.
Ajzen, I. 2002. Perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, locus of control, and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 32:1-20Baughn, C.C., Cao, J. S. R., Le, L. L. M., Lim, V. A., & Neupert, K.E. 2006. Normative, social and cognitive predictors of entrepreneurial interest in China, Vietnam and the Philippines. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 11(1):57-77.
Begley, T. 1995. “Using founder status, age of firm and company growth rate as the basis for distinguishing entrepreneurs from managers of smaller businesses, Journal of Business Venturing. 10(3):249-263.
Black, K. 2004. Business statistics for contemporary decision making. Singapore: John Wiley and Sons.
Boyd, N.G. and Vozikis, G.S. 1994. The influence of self-efficacy on the development of entrepreneurial intentions and actions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(4):63-67.
Douglas, E.J. 1999. “Entrepreneurship as a career choice: attitudes, entrepreneurial intentions, and utility maximization”, Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Babson College, Wellesley, MA.
Douglas, E. J., and Shepherd, D.A. 2000. Entrepreneurship as a utility maximizing response. Journal of Business Venturing. 15(3):231-252.
Douglas, E.J. and Shepherd, D.A. 2002. Self-employment as a Career Choice: Attitudes, Entrepreneurial Intentions, and Utility Maximization, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(3):81-90.
Hisrich, R. and Peters, M. 2002. Entrepreneurship (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill. NY.
Kolvereid, L. 1996. Prediction of employment status choice intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 21: 47-57.
Kolvereid, L. & Isaksen, E. 2006. "New business start up and subsequent entry into self employment". Journal of Business Venturing. 21:566-885.
Kristiansen, S., & Nurul Indarti. 2004. Entrepreneurial Intention Among Indonesian and Norwegian Students. Journal of Enterprising Culture. 12(1), 55–78
Krueger, N.F., M.D. Reilly and A.L. Carsrud. 2000. Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing. 15(5-6):411-432.
Kuratko, D. 2005. The emergence of entrepreneurship education: Development, trends, and challenges, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, September.
Lee, S. and Wong, P. 2004. An exploratory study of technopreneurial intentions: a career anchor perspective, Journal of Business Venturing. 19:7-28.
Liñán, F., Rodríguez, J. C., & Rueda-Cantuche, J. M. Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels. 45th Congress of the European Regional Science Association, Amsterdam, 23-27 August 2005.
MITI Weekly Bulletin. 2011. “Malaysia - Towards Global Competitiveness”, MITI Weekly Bulletin. 136.
Segal, G., Borgia, D. and Schoenfeld, J. 2005. The motivation to become an entrepreneur. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 11(1):42-57.
Shapero, A. and Sokol, L. 1982. The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In C. Kent, D. Sexton and K. Vesper, (Eds.), Encyclopaedia of entrepreneurship, 72-90.
Tkachev, A., and Kolvereid, L. 1999. Self-employment intentions among Russian students, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. 11(3):269-280.
TRANSFER OF COPYRIGHT
JRBEM is pleased to undertake the publication of your contribution to Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management.
The copyright to this article is transferred to JRBEM(including without limitation, the right to publish the work in whole or in part in any and all forms of media, now or hereafter known) effective if and when the article is accepted for publication thus granting JRBEM all rights for the work so that both parties may be protected from the consequences of unauthorized use.
