Insurance Practices and Risk Control: Issues and Lessons for Property and Liability Insurers
Abstract
This article presents a comprehensive theoretical framework for property and liability insurance risk management and control mechanisms. It presents the rationale behind property and liability insurances risk control measures. Further the article tries to describe and examine four main categories of property and liability insurance risk management and mitigation strategies / techniques, viz; maintaining the internal capital base, managing the asset risk exposure, managing by underwriting risks, and managing the covariance between asset and liability returns. The securitization of bad assets is specifically projected as a potential method for managing and underwriting risks. Finally, the article ends up with an outline of four key guidelines for the cost-effective and efficient risk management practices in the insurance sector.Downloads
References
Goss, Russell & David O’Neill, “Long-Term Retail General Insurance”, ABI Research Paper No 21, London, UK 2010
Klein, Robert, “Hurricane Risk and Property Insurance Markets: An Update and Extension” Working paper, Center for Risk Management and Insurance Research, Georgia State University, 2009
Klein P. Howard K. Erwann M. & Richard Z. “Mitigating and Financing Catastrophic Risks: Principles and Action Framework, OECD, 2009
Grossi, Patricia & Howard K. “Catastrophe modeling: A new approach to managing risk” New York, 2005
Keller C. Michael S. & Heinz G. “The Role of the Affect and Availability Heuristics in Risk Communication” Risk Analysis pp 631-638, 2006
Kunreuther, Howard, “Disaster Mitigation and Insurance: Learning from Katrina,” the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, pp 208-227, 2006
Kunreuther, et al, Disaster Insurance Protection: Public Policy Lessons. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1978
Kunreuther, et al “Overcoming Decision Biases to Reduce Losses from Natural Catastrophes”, Behavioral Foundations of Policy, Princeton University Press
Lecomte, Eugene & Karen G. “Hurricane Insurance Protection in Florida” Paying the Price: The Status and Role of Insurance against Natural Disasters in the US, Joseph Henry Press, Washington, DC, 1998
Michel-Kerjan, Erwann, “Disasters and Public Policy: Can Market Lessons Help Address Government Failures,” National Tax Association, proceedings the 99th National Tax Association Conference, Boston, MA, 2008
Oxford Analytica, “United States: Catastrophe Insurance Reforms Emerge, 2010
Palm, Risa, Michael H. “Earthquake Insurance in California: Environmental Policy and Individual Decision Making. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1990
Tobin, Richard, and Corinne C. “The national flood insurance program’s mandatory purchase requirement: Policies, processes, and stakeholders. Washington, DC2005
US Government Accountability Office (GAO), “Natural Disasters: Public Policy Options for Changing the Federal Role in Natural Catastrophe Insurance, Washington, DC, 2007
US Government Accountability Office (GAO), “Financial Management: Improvements Needed in National Flood Insurance Program’s Financial Controls and Oversight, GAO 10-66, 2009
Vitello, P. “Hurricane Fears Cost Homeowners Coverage,” New York Times, Oct 16, 2007
D’Arcy, S. & Gorvett, R. “A Comparison of Property-Liability Insurance Financial Pricing Models,”
PCAS, 1998
Brostoff, S. “Budget Threatens Muni-Bond Investments,” National Underwriter, Property & Casualty/Risk & Benefits Management Edition, February 9, 1998.
Chew, D. “The New Corporate Finance: Where Theory Meets Practice”, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1999
Akhigbe A. Borde S. & Madura J. “Valuation Effects of Insurer’s Security Offerings,” Journal of Risk and Insurance, 1997, pp 115-137p.
D’Arcy S. “Investment Issues in Property-Liability Insurance” Foundations of Casualty Actuarial Society, Second Edition, pp 485-534
Daykin C. Pentikainen T. & Pesonen M. “Practical Risk Theory for Actuaries”, Chapman & Hall, 1994
Doherty N. “Financial Innovation in the Management of Catastrophic Risk,” Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 1997, pp 84-95
Froot, K, Scharfstein D, & Stein, J, “A Framework for Risk Management,” Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 1994, pp 22-32
Galai D. & Masulis R. “The Option Pricing Model and the Risk Factor of Stock,” Journal of Financial Economics, 1976, pp 53-81
Harrington S. “Insurance Derivatives, Tax Policy, and the Future of the Insurance Industry,” Journal of Risk and Insurance, 1997, pp 719-725
Harrington S. Mann S. & Niehaus G. “Insurer Capital Structure Decisions and the Viability of Insurance Derivatives,” The Journal of Risk and Insurance, 1995, pp 483-508
Jaffee D. & Russell T. “Catastrophic Insurance, Capital Markets, and Uninsurable Risks,” Journal of Risk and Insurance, 1997, pp 205-230
Jensen M. “The Modern Industrial Revolution, Exit, and the Failure of Internal Control Systems,” Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 1994, p 4-24
Lewellen W. “A Pure Financial Rationale for the Conglomerate Merger,” Journal of Finance, 1971, pp 521-537
Jensen M. “Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance, and Takeovers,” American Economic Review, 1986, pp 323-329
Lonkevich D. “Nationwide Proposes dollar 1.6B Deal for Allied,” National Underwriter, Property & Casualty/Risk & Benefits Management Edition, 1998
Merton R. & Perold A. “Theory of Risk Capital in Financial Firms,” Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 1993, pp 16-32
Meyers G. & Kollar J. “On the Cost of Financing Catastrophic Insurance,” Casualty Actuarial Society Forum, 1998, pp 119-148
Myers S. “The Capital Structure Puzzle,” Journal of Finance, 1984, pp 575-592
Myers S. & Majluf N. “Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions When Firms Have Information Investors Do Not Have,” Journal of Financial Economics, 1984, pp 187-222
Niedzielski J. “St. Paul-USF&G Deal Forms Specialty Giant,” National Underwriter, Property & Casualty/Risk & Benefits Management Edition, 1998
Property-Casualty Insurance Accounting, Sixth Edition, Insurance Accounting & Systems Association, Inc., 1994
Ross S. “Institutional Markets, Financial Marketing, and Financial Innovation,” Journal of Finance, 1989, pp 541-556
Smith C. & Stultz R. “The Determinants of Firms’ Hedging Policies,” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 1985, pp 391-405
Sommer D. “The Impact of Firm Risk on Property-Liability Insurance Prices,” Journal of Risk and Insurance, 1996, pp 501-514
Vaughn T. “The Impact of Investment Strategy on the Market Value and Pricing Decisions of a Property-Liability Insurer,” PCAS 1998
Stigler G. “The Theory of Price”, Fourth Edition, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1987
Tepper I. “Taxation and Corporate Pension Policy,” Journal of Finance, 1981, pp 1-13
TRANSFER OF COPYRIGHT
JRBEM is pleased to undertake the publication of your contribution to Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management.
The copyright to this article is transferred to JRBEM(including without limitation, the right to publish the work in whole or in part in any and all forms of media, now or hereafter known) effective if and when the article is accepted for publication thus granting JRBEM all rights for the work so that both parties may be protected from the consequences of unauthorized use.