The Relationship between Ethical Leadership and Teachers Continuance Organizational Commitment
Keywords:
Ethical Leadership; Continuance Organizational Commitment; Loyalty
Abstract
The current study aims to investigate the relationship between the behavior of ethical leaders and their continuance organizational commitment, and also to discover the mediational impact of teachers' loyalty on their relationships at the international schools in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).
The study employed a quantitative approach as follows: a formatted questionnaire was distributed to a random sample, of which 372 valid questionnaires were returned to the researchers. In addition to examining the research hypotheses, several statistical methods were used to analyse the compiled data. The study showed that when the supervisor displays positive behaviors and a moral leadership style, this has leverage on the employees’ performance. The study found that there is a statistically important engagement relevance between moral leadership and teachers’ loyalty. Moreover, the study showed that teachers' loyalty facilitated the association between ethical leadership and teachers' continuance commitment toward organization. The current research recommended that it was essential to increase the standard of moral leadership for managers, to positively influence continuance commitment to the organisation, and to enhance teachers' loyalty.
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References
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[35] Mcmillan, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (2010). Research in Education: Evidence-based Inquiry, 7th edition. Harlow: Person Education Limited.
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[37] Narteh, B., & Odoom, R. (2015). Does Internal Marketing Influence Employee Loyalty? Evidence From the Ghanaian Banking Industry. Services Marketing Quarterly, 36, 112-135.
[38] Neubert, M. J., Wu, C., & Roberts, J. A. (2013). The Influence of Ethical Leadership and Regulatory Focus on Employee Outcomes. Business Ethics Quarterly, 23(2), 269-296.
[39] Norman, I. J., & Wu, L. (2006). An investigation of job satisfaction, organizational commitmentand role conflict and ambiguity in a sample of Chinese undergraduate nursing students. Nurse Education Today, 26, 304-314.
[40] Northouse, P. G. (2013). Leadership:Theory and Practice (sixth ed.). New Delhi: SAGE Publications, Inc.
[41] Okana, T., & Akyuz, A. M. (2015). Exploring the Relationship between Ethical Leadership and Job Satisfaction with the Mediating Role of the Level of Loyalty to Supervisor. Business and Economics Research Journal, 6(4), 155-177.
[42] Okechukwu, B. O. (2012). Ethical leadership and good governance in nigerian local governments. Unpublished Ph. D dissertation). College of Social and Behavioural Science, Walden University, USA.
[43] Ozdemir, T. Y., & Yirci, R. (2017). Ethical Leadership Behaviours of School Administrators from Teachers’ Point of View. Foro de Educación, 15, 161-184.
[44] Qianqian, Q., Biyan , W., Qian , L., Sinian , Z., & Mengshi , T. (2014). How and when the effect of ethical leadership occurs?A multilevel analysis in the Chinese hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26(6), 974-1001.
[45] Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2012). Organizational Behavior (5th ed.). New Jearse: Pearson.
[46] Serrano, C. A. (2017). An Examination of the Role of Leadership Fatigue and Trauma in Ethical and Moral Leadership Through a Sociorhetorical Analysis of 2 Samuel 11: 1-27 (Doctoral dissertation, Regent University). Shin, Y., Sung , S. Y., & Choi , J. N. (2015) Top Management Ethical Leadership and Firm Performance:Mediating Role of Ethical and Procedural Justice Climate. Journal of Business Ethics , 129, 43-57.
[47] Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: new procedures and recommendations. Psychological methods, 7(4), 422.
[48] Taylor, A. B., MacKinnon, D. P., & Tein, J. Y. (2008). Tests of the three-path mediated effect. Organizational Research Methods, 11(2), 241-269.
[49] Timm, P. R., & Peterson, B. D. (1982). People at Work Human Relations in Organizations (1982 ed.). St.Paul Minnesota: West Publishing Company.
[50] Tosun , N., & Ulusoy, H. (2017). The relationship of organizational commitment,job satisfaction and burnout on physicians and nurses? Journal of Economics and Management, 28(2), 90-111.
[51] Vandenberghe, C., Panaccio, A., & Ben Ayed, A. K. (2011). Continuance commitment and turnover:Examining the moderating role of negative affectivity and risk aversion. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology , 84, 403-424.
[52] Yang, C. (2014). Does Ethical Leadership Lead to Happy Workers? A Study on the Impact of Ethical Leadership, Subjective Well-Being,and Life Happiness in the Chinese Culture. Journal of Business Ethics , 513-525.
[2] Ahluwalia, A. K., & Preet, K. (2017). The Influence of Organizational Commitment on Work Motivation:A Comparative Study of State and Private University Teachers. The IUP Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16(2), 56-70.
[3] Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The Measurment and Antecedents of Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitment to the Organization. Occupatioal Psychology, 1-18.
[4] Allen, N., & Grisaffe, D. B. (2001). Employee commitment to the organization and customer reactions: Mapping the linkages. Human Resource Management Review, 11(3), 209-236.
[5] Bass, B. M. (1995). Theory of transformational leadership redux. Leadership Quarterly, 6(4), 463– 478.
[6] Bass, B. M., & Stogdill, R. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill's handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications. New York, Simon and Schuster.
[7] Brown, M.E., Trevino, L.K. and Harrison, D.A. (2005). Ethical Leadership: A Social Learning Perspective for Construct Development and Testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97, 117-134.
[8] Kothari, C.R. (2004) Research Methodology, methods and Techniques, New Delhi, Wiley Eastern Limited.
[9] Carson, K. D., & Carson, P. P. (2002). Differential Relationships Associacted Two Distict Dimensions of Continuance Commitment. International Journal of Organizational Theory and Behaviour, 5, 359–381.
[10] Celik, S., Dedeogelu, B. B., & Inanir, A. (2015). Relationship Between Ethical Leadership, Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction at Hotel Organizations. EGE Academic Review, 53-63.
[11] Cemberci, M., Civelek, M., E. & Gunel, D. (2016). The Mediator Effect of Ethical Climate on the Relation between Ethical Leadership and Organizational Commitment. Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yonetim Arastırmaları Dergisi, 4.
[12] Chapman, E. N., & O'Neil, S. L. (1999). Leadership Essential Steps Every Manager Needs to Know (3rd ed.). New Jearse: Prentice.
[13] Chaubey, D. S. (2014). Factor Influnce Employees Loyality Towards Organization: An Emprical Investication At Educational Instituations In Dehradun. GE-International Joutnal Of Management Research, 2(11), 185-203.
[14] Cohen, W. A. (1990). The New Art of The Leader. New Jearse: Prentice Hall.
[15] Crews, J. A. (2011). What is ethical leadership? A study to define the characteristics of ethical leadership: perspectives from Australian public and private sectors, (Doctoral dissertation, Curtin University).
[16] Daniel, E. C., & Eze, O. L. (2016). The Role Of Formal and Informal Communication In Determining Empoyee Affective and Continuance Commitment in Oil and Gas Companies. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research Social & Management Sciences , 2(9), 33-44.
[17] Eslamieh, F., & Davoudi, A. (2016). An analysis of the relationship between managers’ ethical leadership style with teachers’ organizational commitment and job burnout. International Journal of Organizational Leadership , 380-392.
[18] Ethridge, D. E. (2004). Research Methodology in Applied Economics.London: John Wiley & Sons,.
[19] Fox, W., & Bayat, M. S. (2007). A Guide to Managing Research. Cape Town: Juta Publications.
[20] Fritzsche, D. J. (2005). Business Ethics: A Global and Managerial Perspective (Second Edition ed.). New York: Mc-Grow-Hill.
[21] Gill, H., Meyer, J. P., Lee, K., Shin, K.-H., & Yoon, C.-Y. (2011). Affective and continuance commitment and their relations with deviant workplace behaviors in Korea. Asia Pac J Manag, 595–607.
[22] Hale, J. R., & Fields, D. L. (2007). Exploring servant leadership across cultures: A study of followers in Ghana and the USA. Leadership, 3(4), 397-417.
[23] Harvey, M. & Kate, B. (2005). Researching business and management. New York: Palgrav.
[24] Kanungo, R. N., & Mendonca, M. (1996). Ethical dimensions of leadership. London: Sage Publications.
[25] Katranci, I., Sungu, H., & Saglam, M. (2015). Teachers’ Perceptions about the School Principals’ Ethical Leadership Behaviours: A Study from Turkish Vocational High Schools. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 546-554.
[26] Klopotan, I., Buntak , K., & Drozdek, I. (2015). Employee loyalty: differences between genders and the public and the private sector. Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 14(3), 303-313.
[27] Hogan, R. (2005). In defense of personality measurement: New wine for old whiners. Human Performance, 18(4), 331–341.
[28] Hrebiniak, L. G., & Alutto, J. A. (1972). Personal and Role-Related Factors in the Development of Organizational Commitment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 17(4), 555-573.
[29] Lam, V. (2016). Ethical Leadership for Machiavellians in Business (Master's thesis, University of Waterloo).
[30] Langlois , L., & Lapointe, C. (2009). Can ethics be learned? Results from a three‐year action‐research project., 147-163.
[31] Mai, N. K. and Nguyen V. Q. N. (2015). Journal of Educational Administration, the effects of Ethical Leadership and Organizational Culture towards Employees’ Sociability and Commitment- A study of Tourism Sector in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Journal of Advanced Management Science Vol.3, No.4, December.
[32] Markovits, Y. (2012). The two ‘faces’ of continuance commitment:The moderating role of job satisfaction on the continuance commitment – organizational citizenship behavior relationship. International journal of the academy of Organizational behavior management, 3, 62-82.
[33] Mathieu, J. E., & Zajac, D. M. (1990). A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates,and consequences of organizational commitment. Psychological Bulletin, 2(7), 949-957.
[34] McGee, G. W., & Ford, R. C. (1987). Two (or more?) dimensions of organizational commitment: Reexamination of the continuance and affective scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72, 642-648.
[35] Mcmillan, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (2010). Research in Education: Evidence-based Inquiry, 7th edition. Harlow: Person Education Limited.
[36] Mitonga-Monga, J., & Cilliers, F. (2016). Perceived ethical leadership in relation to employees’ organisational commitment in an organisation in the Democratic Republic of Congo. African Journal of Business Ethics, 10(1), 36-51.
[37] Narteh, B., & Odoom, R. (2015). Does Internal Marketing Influence Employee Loyalty? Evidence From the Ghanaian Banking Industry. Services Marketing Quarterly, 36, 112-135.
[38] Neubert, M. J., Wu, C., & Roberts, J. A. (2013). The Influence of Ethical Leadership and Regulatory Focus on Employee Outcomes. Business Ethics Quarterly, 23(2), 269-296.
[39] Norman, I. J., & Wu, L. (2006). An investigation of job satisfaction, organizational commitmentand role conflict and ambiguity in a sample of Chinese undergraduate nursing students. Nurse Education Today, 26, 304-314.
[40] Northouse, P. G. (2013). Leadership:Theory and Practice (sixth ed.). New Delhi: SAGE Publications, Inc.
[41] Okana, T., & Akyuz, A. M. (2015). Exploring the Relationship between Ethical Leadership and Job Satisfaction with the Mediating Role of the Level of Loyalty to Supervisor. Business and Economics Research Journal, 6(4), 155-177.
[42] Okechukwu, B. O. (2012). Ethical leadership and good governance in nigerian local governments. Unpublished Ph. D dissertation). College of Social and Behavioural Science, Walden University, USA.
[43] Ozdemir, T. Y., & Yirci, R. (2017). Ethical Leadership Behaviours of School Administrators from Teachers’ Point of View. Foro de Educación, 15, 161-184.
[44] Qianqian, Q., Biyan , W., Qian , L., Sinian , Z., & Mengshi , T. (2014). How and when the effect of ethical leadership occurs?A multilevel analysis in the Chinese hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26(6), 974-1001.
[45] Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2012). Organizational Behavior (5th ed.). New Jearse: Pearson.
[46] Serrano, C. A. (2017). An Examination of the Role of Leadership Fatigue and Trauma in Ethical and Moral Leadership Through a Sociorhetorical Analysis of 2 Samuel 11: 1-27 (Doctoral dissertation, Regent University). Shin, Y., Sung , S. Y., & Choi , J. N. (2015) Top Management Ethical Leadership and Firm Performance:Mediating Role of Ethical and Procedural Justice Climate. Journal of Business Ethics , 129, 43-57.
[47] Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: new procedures and recommendations. Psychological methods, 7(4), 422.
[48] Taylor, A. B., MacKinnon, D. P., & Tein, J. Y. (2008). Tests of the three-path mediated effect. Organizational Research Methods, 11(2), 241-269.
[49] Timm, P. R., & Peterson, B. D. (1982). People at Work Human Relations in Organizations (1982 ed.). St.Paul Minnesota: West Publishing Company.
[50] Tosun , N., & Ulusoy, H. (2017). The relationship of organizational commitment,job satisfaction and burnout on physicians and nurses? Journal of Economics and Management, 28(2), 90-111.
[51] Vandenberghe, C., Panaccio, A., & Ben Ayed, A. K. (2011). Continuance commitment and turnover:Examining the moderating role of negative affectivity and risk aversion. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology , 84, 403-424.
[52] Yang, C. (2014). Does Ethical Leadership Lead to Happy Workers? A Study on the Impact of Ethical Leadership, Subjective Well-Being,and Life Happiness in the Chinese Culture. Journal of Business Ethics , 513-525.
Published
2019-01-25
How to Cite
Almandeel, S., & Dawood, M. (2019). The Relationship between Ethical Leadership and Teachers Continuance Organizational Commitment. Journal of Research in Business, Economics and Management, 12(1), 2279-2294. Retrieved from http://scitecresearch.com/journals/index.php/jrbem/article/view/1684
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