Influence Analysis of Supply Chain Management and Supply Chain Flexibility to Competitive Advantage and Impact on Company Performance of Fish Processing in Bitung City
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of supply chain management and supply chain flexibility on company performance through competitive advantage. Samples are used through survey method on all fish processing companies that conduct export activities amounting to 21 companies. Data collection method is interview and questioner then analyzed with Partial Least Square (PLS). This research develops dimensions of supply chain management ie customer relationship management, internal supply chain management, supplier relationship management and supply chain flexibility to test relationships with competitive advantage and firm performance
The results show that supply chain management has a positive influence on competitive advantage and firm performance. Likewise, supply chain flexibility has a positive effect on competitive advantage and firm performance. Competitive advantage also has a positive influence on the performance of fish processing companies in Bitung City. Based on the results of the study can be concluded that the improvement of company performance is highly dependent on supply chain management practices, supply chain flexibility and competitive advantage. From these findings it is recommended that the company's management maintain and improve relationships with suppliers, customers and improve the internal supply chain to produce better value-added products and demand fulfillment. Supply chain flexibility is essential for any fish processing company in Bitung to measure the extent to which the supply chain can respond to fluctuations in demand and change. New breakthroughs in delivering diverse products or improving work quality will enable the company to work as effectively and efficiently as possible. Supply chain management practices and supply chain flexibility will ultimately improve competitive advantage and improve the performance of fish processing companies in Bitung City.
Downloads
References
Abdillah, W. dan Jogiyanto (2015) Partial Least Square (PLS) Alternatif Structur Equation Model (SEM) dalam
Penelitian Bisnis. Penerbit Andi Yogyakarta.
Adams, W. M. (2006) The Future of Sustainability Re-thinking Environment and Development in the Twenty-first
Century. The World Conservation Union.
Agribisnis.co.id, (2017) Ekspor Perikanan Indonesia Mengalami Penurunan. Agribisnis Online.
Ainuddin, R.A., Beamish, P.W., Hulland, J.S. dan Rouse, M.J. (2007) Resource attributes and firm performance in
international joint ventures. Journal of World Business, 42, 47-60.
Alipour, M. dan Mohammadi, M. H. (2011) The Effect of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) on
Achieving Competitive Advantage of Manufacturing Tractor. Global Journal of Management and Business
Research, 11(5), 26-36.
Allnoch A (1997) Efficient Supply Chain Practice Mean Big Savings to Leading Manufacturer, IIE
Solutions,29(7),pp 8-9.
Alvarez-Gil, M.J. (1994) Capital Budgeting and Flexible Manufacturing, International Journal of Production
Economics, No.36, pp.109-28.
Anatan, L (2010) Effect of Supply Chain Management Practices on Supply Chain Performance and Competitive
Advantage. Karisma Vol. 4 (2): 106-117.
Anatan, Lina dan Ellitan Lena (2008) Supply Chain Management. Teori dan Aplikasi: Edisi kesatu. Bandung
Alfabeta.
Arawati, Agus (2011) Supply Chain Management, Product Quality and Business Performance, International
Conference on Sociality and Economics Development IPEDR. Vol 10 IACSIT Press, Singapore.
......................., (2011) Supply Chain Management, Supply Chain Flexibility and Business Performance, Jounal of
Global Strategy Management Vol 5(1).
Arikunto, Suharsimi (2008) Metodologi Penelitian. Yogyakarta Bina Aksara.
Arsyad, L. (2004). Ekonomi Pembangunan. Penerbit BP STIE YKPN Yogyakarta.
Arumugam, Veeri Chettiar, Rouhollah, and Mojtahedzadeh (2011) Relationship between SCM practice and
performance in the Iranian Industries: A Theoretical Approach. International Journal of academic Researce 3(4)
-599.
Assauri, Sofyan (2004). Manajemen Produksi dan Operasi edisi revisi. Penerbit FE IU Jakarta.
Badan Pusat Statistik (2016) Provinsi Sulawesi Utara dalam Angka 2016.
Badan Pusat Statistik. ( 2016) Persentase Penduduk Miskin Di Indonesia.
Badan Pusat Statistik dan Bappeda Bitung (2012) Laporan Tahunan Bitung Dalam Angka.
Bappenas, (2014). Kajian Strategi Pengelolaan Perikanan Berkelanjutan.
Barad dan Sapir (2003). Flexibility in Logistic Systems: Modeling and performance evaluation. International Journal
of Production Economics.Vol 85(2) pp 155-170.
Barney, J.B. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120.
Baron, R. M., and Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psycho- logical
research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51,1173-
Baxter LF, MacLeod AM. (2008) Managing Performance Improvement. New York: Routledg.
Beamon, B. M. (2009) Sustainability and the Future of Supply Chain Management. Operations and Supply Chain
Management: An International Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 4-18.
Bechtel, C., and Jayaram, J. (1997). Supply Chain Management – A Strategic Perspective. The International Journal
of Logistics Management, 8(1), 15-34.
Bensaou, M (1999) Portfolio of Buyer- Supplier Relationship. Sloan Management Review 40(4): 35-44.
Bernardin and Russel, (2000) Human Resource Management Singapore. Mc Grow Hill,Inc.
Bhasin (2008). Lean and Performance Measurement. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. Vol
(5): 670-684.
Blengini, G and D, Shiled (2010) Green labels and Sustainability Reporting: Overview of the building products
supply chain in Italy. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, Vol. 21 Iss: 4, pp.477 – 493.
Boddy, D., Cahill, D., Charles, M., Fraser-Kraus, H., and Macbeth, D. (1998) Success and failure in implementing
partnering, European Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, Vol 4 No. 2, pp. 143-151.
Bowersox, Closs, and Copper (1996) Logistical Management: Integrated Supply Chain Process International Edition
Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
Brkljac M, Jelena Stankovic and Slaanda Gajic, (2013) Gaining a competitive advantage by integration of marketing
and Logistic. Logistics International Conference Belgrade, Serbia.
Bratic Diana (2010). Achieving a Competitive Advantage by SCM. IBIMA Business Review.
---------------, (2011). Six Sigma: A Key Driver for Process Improvement‖ Communications of the IBIMA, Vol.
, Article ID 823656.
Brill, D., Mandelbaum, M. (1989). On Measures of Flexibility in Manufacturing Systems, International Journal of
Production Research, Vol. 27 No.5, pp.747-56.
Buckley, P. J. (1988) Measures of internasional competitiveness: A critical survey,‖ Journal of Marketing
Management.
Candace Y. Yi, E.W.T. Hgai dan K.L Moon (2011) Supply Chain Flexibility in an Uncertain Environment:
Explanatory finding from five case studies. SCM: An International Journal, 16(4), 271-283.
Carter and D. Rogers (2008). "A Framework of Sustainable Supply Chain Management: moving toward new
theory", International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, Vol. 38 Iss: 5, pp.360 – 387.
Chandler, (1962) Strategy and Structure MIT Press Cambridge.
Chang, H. H. (2007) Critical Factors and Benefits in the Implementation of Customer Relationship Management.
Total Quality Management, 18(5), 483-508.
Chi, Ting, Kilduff, Petter PD and Gargeya, Vidyaranya B (2009). Alignment between business environment
characteristics, competitive priorities, supply chain structures and firm business performance. International jounal of
productivity and performance management, 58(7),645-669.
Chin, W. W. (1998). The Partial Least Squares Approach for sStructural Equation Modeling. in G. A. Marcoulides
(Ed.), Modern methods for business research (pp. 295–236). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Chonticha Mathuramaytha (2011) Supply Chain Collaboration – What‘s an outcome?
Chopra, Sunil and Peter Meindl. (2001). Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning and Operations. Second
Edition. Prentice Hall Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Chopra, Sunil and Peter Meindl. (2007). Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning and Operations. Fifth
Edition. Prentice Hall Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Chowa,Wing, Christian N. Madub, Chu Hua Kueib, Min H. Luc, Chinho Lind, and Hojung Tsengd (2006). Supply
chain management in the US and Taiwan: An empirical study.
Claycomb, C., Droge, C., and Germain, R. (1999). The effect of just-in-time with customers on organizational
design and performance. International Journal of Logistics Management 10(1), 37–58.
Cleveland, G., Schroeder, R., and Anderson, J. (1989) A theory of production competence, Decision Sciences, Vol.
No.4, pp.655-68.
Cokins G. (2004) Performance Management: Finding the Missing Pieces (to Close the Intelligence Gap). New
Jersey.
Council of Supply Chain Management Professional ( 2010)2009). SCM Definitions.
http://supplychaininsights.com/sciwiki/index.php?title=Supply_Chain_Manage ment.
Cooper, C. Ellram, Lisa (1993). Characteristic of Supply Chain Management and The Implication for Purchasing
and Logistics Strategy. Emerald.
Cooper, Donald R., and Pamela, Schlinder (2006). Business Research Methodes. North America: Seventh Edition,
Mc Graw-Hill International.
Dahuri, Rohmin. (2003). Paradigma Baru Pembangunan I ndonesia Berbasis Kelautan, Orasi Ilmiah. Institut
Pertanian Bogor.
Dahuri Rokhmin (2014): Kontribusi Sektor Kelautan baru 22%. http:// jurnalmaritim.com/2014/8/1822/rokhmindahuri-
kontribusi-sektor-kelautan-baru-22-persen. Diakses pada tanggal 1 oktober 2014.
Dahuri Rokhmin (2015) Menuju Indonesia Sebagai Poros Maritim Dunia ISBN 978-602-70193-2-4 Cetakan Kedua
Roda Bahari, Bogor.
Daugherty, Ellinger dan Gustin (1998) Integrated Logistics: The performance connection‖; Council of Logistics
Management Annual Conference Proceedings; Anaheim, California; pages 383-388.
Das, S. and Patel, P. (2002), ―An audit tool for determining flexibility requirements in a manufacturing facility‖,
Journal of Integrated Manufacturing Systems, Vol. 13 No. 4, pp. 264-74.
Departemen Perindustrian (2009) Roadmap Pengembangan Industri Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Hasil Laut.
Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kota Bitung (2014) Laporan Tahun Bitung Dalam Angka .
Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kota Bitung (2016).
Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kota Bitung (2017).
Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Sulut (2013) Profil Kelautan dan Perikanan Provinsi SULUT Untuk Mendukung
Industrialisasi KP.
Dyer and Singh, H (1998) The Relational View: Cooperative Strategy and Source of Interorganizational
Competitive Advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23 (4): 660-679.
Duclos, L. K., Lummus, R. R., and Vokurka, R. J. (2001). A Conceptual Model of Supply Chain Flexibility. DSI
Proceedings.
Easton, G (1992) Industrial Network-Review. University of Lancaster.
Ebrahim and Mahmoud (2014) analysing the impact of supply chain management practices on organitational
performance through competitive priorities (case studi Iran Pump Company. IJARAFMS Vol 4 No 1pp 1-15.
Eisenhardt, K. M. 1989. Agency theory: An Assessment and Review. Academy of Management Review,14, 57-74.
Eltram, L.M. (1991) Supply Chain Management: The Industrial Organisation Perspective. International Journal of
Physical Distribution and Logistics Management.
Espositi,Vinzi, V., Chin, W.W., Henseler, J., Wang, H. (2010) Handbook of Partial Least Squeres, Concepts ,
Methods and Aplications, springer handbooks of computational statistics,DOI 10.1007//978 3 540 32827-8-1
Springer –Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Fantazy, Kamel Aissa, Kumar, Vinod and Kumar, Uma (2009) An Emperical study of the relationships among
strategy, flexibility and performance in the supply chain context. Supply Chain Management: An International
Journal, 14(3), 177-188.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), (2016) Year Book. Fishery and Aguaculture
Statistic Database.
Fogarty, Donald W., Blackstone, John H. Jr., and Hoffman, T. R., (1991), Production and Inventory Management,
Colledge Division South-Western Publishing Co, Cincinnati.
Foss, Nicolai and Knudsen, Thorbjørn (2003) ―The Resource-Based Tangle: Towards a Sustainable Explanation of
Competitive Advantage‖, Managerial and Decision Economics, Vol. 24, No. 4, 291-307.
Garavelli., (2003) Designing and Managing the Supply Chain: Consepts, Strategis and Case Studies, Mc Graw –
Hill, Singapore.
Gerwin, D (1993), Manufacturing flexibility, a strategic perspective, Management Science, Vol. 39 (4), p 395-410.
Gibson, Ivancevic dan Donnely, (1998) Organisasi dan Manajemen. Perilaku Struktur. Edisi keempat. Erlangga
Jakarta.
Gimenez,C, Eva Ventura (2003) Supply Chain Management as a Competititve Advantage In The Spanish Grocery.
The International Journal of Logistics Management 14(1), 77-88.
Gimenez,C, Eva Ventura (2005) Logistic-production, logistic marketing and exsternal integration: Their impact on
performance. International Journal of operations and production management, 25(1) 20-38.
Gordon, Ian H. (2002). Competitor Targeting: Winning The Battle for Market and Customer Share. Canada:
National Liberary.
Ghozali (2008) Model Persamaan Struktural Konsep dan Aplikasi dengan Program Amos 16.0, Badan Penerbit
UNDIP, Semarang.
Groover, M. P. (2002), Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing, 2
nd
editon, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
Gunasekaran, A., Patel, C., Tirtiroglu, E., (2001), Performance Measurement and Metrics in a Supply Chain
Environment, International Journal of Production and Operations Management.
Gunasekaran, C. Patelb, Ronald E. McGaugheyc ―(2004). A framework for supply chain performance measurement
Int. Journal Production Economics 87 333–347.
Gunasekaran, A. and Ngai, E.W.T., (2004). Virtual Supply-Chain Management. Production Planning Control, 15(6),
pp.584–595.
Gupta Preveen (2004) Six Sigma Business Scorecard. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Gupta D. and Buzacott (1989) A Framework for Understanding Flexibility of Manufacturing Systems. Journal of
Manufacturing Systems, 8(2), 89-97.
Halachmi A. (2005) Performance Measurement is Only One Way of Managing Performance. International Journal
of Productivity and Performance Management 54 (7): 502 – 516.
Handoyo, (2011) Evaluasi Tingkat Flexibilitas Rantai Pasok. Penerbit Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Jawa
Timur.
Handfield, Monezka, Giunipero and Patterson (2009/. Purchasing and Supply Chain Management: Fourth Edition
United States of America: South Western.
Handfield, R. B., and Nichols, E. L. (2002). Supply chain redesign: Transforming supply chains into integrated
value systems. New Jersey: Financial Times- Prentice Hall.
Hatani, LA (2013). Pengaruh Implementasi Integrative Supply Chain management dan Supply Chain Flexibility
terhadap Keunggulan Bersaing dan Kinerja Perusahaan. Universitas Brawijaya, Malang.
Heizer, Jay and Render, Barry. (2005), Manajemen Operasi. Buku 1 Edisi Ketujuh. Salemba 4, Jakarta.
----------------------------------(2008). Operation Management Salemba Empat: Jakarta.
---------------------------------- (2011). Operation Management 10ed Pearson Practice hall.
Hidayat R (2013) Supply Chain Flexibility: The Make to Stock- Based Production System. IJRRAS 15(2).
Hill, C. W. L., and Jones, G. R. (2009). Essentials of strategic management. Mason, OH: South-Western/Cengage
Learning.
Himawan, A,F dan Juarsah (2005) Balanced Scorecard sebagai alat pengukur kinerja manajemen. Esensi Vol 8 (1).
Hitt M. A., R. D. Ireland, dan R. E. Hoskisson, (2005) Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization,
Thomson, South Western.
Hofer and Schendel (1978) Strategy Formulation: Analitical Concept St Paul MN West.
Hsu, C. C., Tan, K. C., Kannan, V. R., and Keong Leong, G. G. (2009). Supply chain management practices as a
mediator of the relationship between operations capability and firm performance. International Journal of Production
Research, 47(3), 835-855.
Ince, Huseyn, Imamoglu, Salih Zeki, Keskin, Halit, Akgun, Aliekber and Efe, Mahmet Naci. (2013) The impact of
ERP system and supply chain management practices on firm performance. Case of Turkies Companies. Procedia-
Social and Behavior Science, 99(0),1124-1133.
Indrajit, Ricardus Eko dan Djokopranoto. (2002). Konsep Manajemen Supply Chain: Strategi Mengelola
Manajemen Rantai Pasokan bagi Perusahaan Modern di Indonesia. PT. Gramedia Widiasarana Ind, Jakarta.
Indrajit, Richardus and Djokropranoto, (2003) Supply Chain Management Concept, Edisi Pertama, Jakarta, PT.
Grasindo.
---------------------------------------------- (2005). Konsep Manajemen Supply Chain. PT Grasindo. Jakarta.
-----------------------------------------------(2007). Konsep Manajemen Supply Chain: Cara Baru Memanang Mata
Rantai Penyediaan Barang. Jakarta: PT. Grasindo.
Jaikumar, R. (1986), Postindustrial Manufacturing, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 64 No.6, pp.69-76.
Jie Ferry, Parton Kevin, Roger Jenkins, and Cox Rodney (2007) Supply Chain Performance Indicators for
Australian Beef Industry: An Empirical Analysis.
Jung, H., Ahn, H. and Rhee, S. (1999), ―Impact of buyer‘s order batching on the suppliers demand correlations and
capacity utilization‖, Production Planning and Control, Vol. 10 No. 5, pp. 472-85
Kalakota dan Robinson M (2001) E-Business Roadmap For Success, Massachusetts: Addsion Wesley Longman.
Kao, J. (2007) Innovation Nation: How America is Lossing its Innovation Edge, Why ir Matters, and What Can Do
to Get Back, Free Press, New York. 336 p.
Kaplan, R. and Norton, D. (1992), ―The Balanced Scorecard – measures that drive performance‖, Harvard Business
Review, Vol. 70, pp. 71-9.
--------------------------------------,(1996) The Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy Into Action‖,
Massachusetts, Harvard Business School Press.
Kelautan dan Perikanan (2011) Perikanan Indonesia http://prospekperikananindonesiasma4.weebly.com/
Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia dalam Angka (2015) .
Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia dalam Angka (2016).
Kementrian Perindustrian (2015). Roadmap Pengembangan Industri Pengolahan Hasil Laut
http/ppi.kemenperin.go.id/kawasan/index.php/content/data/ Ina/Bitung.
Kementrian Perekonomian RI, (2016) Siaran Pers Wujudkan Bitung sebagai Gerbang Ekspor Impor Indonesia
Timur.
Kevin Zheng Zhou, James R. Brown and Chekitan S. Dev (2008) Market orientation, competitive advantage, and
performance: A demand-based perspective.
Kharis, Hidayat dan Utami (2011) Fleksibilitas Supply Chain Pendekatan Pujawan Framework. Jurnal Teknologi
Vol 4(1).
Kim, Soo Wook (2006a). Effect of supply chain management practices, integration and competition capability on
performance. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,11(3), 241-248.
Klapper, L. S., Hamblin, N., Hutchinson, L., Novak, L., and Vivar, J. (1999), Supply chain management: A
recommended performance measurement scorecard, Logistics Management Institute, McLean, VA.
Kompas, (2016) http://print.kompas.com/baca/nusantara/2016/01/18/Pabrik-Ikan-di-Bitung-Krisis-Bahan-Baku.
Kotler, Philip (2003) Manajemen Pemasaran. Edisi kesebelas, Jakarta: Indeks kelompok Gramedia.
Lambert DM, Cooper MC, dan Pagh JD. (1998) Supply chain management: implementation issues and research
opportunities. International Journal of Logistics Management 1998;9(2):1–1.
Lambert, D. M. dan Cooper, M. C. (2000). Issues in Supply Chain Management. Journal Industrial Marketing
Management Vol 29 page 65-83.
Lee, Hau L., V. Padmanabhan, and Seungjin Whang. (1997). Information Distortion in a Supply Chain: The
Bullwhip Effect. Management Science. Vol. 43(4): 546-558.
Li, Ragu-Nathan, B., Ragu-Nathan, T. S. and Subba Rao, S. (2006). ―The Impact of Supply Chain Management
Practise on Competitive Advantage and Organizational Performance,‖ Omega, 34(1). 107 – 124.
Lieberman, M. and Montgomery, D. (1988), "First mover advantages", Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 9 No.1,
pp.41-58.
Longenecker, Moore and Petty, ( 2003) Small Business Managemen an Entrepreneurial Empashis, Thomson
Southwestern.
Lummus, R.R., Vokurka, R.J., Alber, K.L., (1998), Strategic Supply Chain Planning, Production and Inventory
Management Journal, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 49-58.
Lummus, R.R., Duclos, L.K. and Vokurka R.J (2003) Supply Chain Flexibility: building a new model‖, Global
Journal of Flexible Systems Management, Vol. 4 No. 4, pp. 1-13.
McLaughlin, CP and Victor,B (1995) Getting to mass customitation in service. Paper presented at the paper
presented at the National Decision Science Meeting, Boston, MA.
Mentzer. JT, Dewitt. W, Keebler. J, Soonhong Min, Nix N, Smith and Zacharia.Z. (2001). Defining Supply Chain
Management, in: Journal of Business Logistics, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 1–25.
Mikkola, J.H. (2003b) ‗Modularity, component outsourcing, and inter-firm learning‘, RD Management,Vol. 33, No.
, pp. 439-454.
Mira Asmida Mohd Sah
,
Habidin, Latip, Salleh (2014) A Review of Structural Relationship Between Supply Chain
Management and Organizational Performance in Malaysian Automotive Industry. Universal Journal of Industrial and
Business Management 2(1): 1-5.
Moran, W.T. ( 1981). Research on discrete consumption markets can guide resource shifthelp increase profitability,
Marketing News 14(23), 4.
Mulyadi (2006). Alternatif Pemacuan Kinerja Personel dengan Pengelolaan Kinerja TerpaduBerbasis Balance
Scorecard. BPFE-UGM Yogyakarta.
---------- (2007). Sistem Terpadu Pengelolaan Kinerja Personel Berbasis Balanced Scorecard. Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu
Manajemen YKPN, Yogyakarta.
Nguyen, T. U. H., Sherif, J. S. and Newby, M. (2007). Strategies for Successful CRM Implementation. Information
Management and Computer Security, 15(2), 102-115.
Noble, D. (1997). Purchasing and supplier management as a future competitive edge. Logistics Focus 5(5), 23–27.
Nunnally, J. C., and Bernstein, I. H. (1994) Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Oliver, R.K. and Webber, M.D. (1982), Supply chain managemenet: Logistic catches up with strategy. Outlook. (cit.
Christopher, M.G. Logistic, The strategic issue, London: Chapman and Hall, 1992).
Olsen EO, Zhou H, Lee DMS, Padunchwit P. (2007). Performance Measurement System and Relationships with
Performance Results. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 56 (7): 559 – 582.
Parmenter D. (2010). Key Performance Indicators. Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo.
Penrose, (1959) The Theory of the Growth of Firm. Oxford University, New York.
Perikanan dan Kelautan Bitung, BPS Sulut 2013.
Peteraf, Margaret and Barney, Jay (2003) ―Unraveling The Resource-Based Tangle‖, Managerial and Decision
Economics, Vol. 24, 309-323.
Porter, M.E, (1985) Technology and Competitive advantage; The Free Press; New York.
--------------, (1986) Competition in Global Industry, The Free Press, New York.
--------------, (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York: Free Press.
--------------, (1993) Keunggulan Bersaing: Menciptakan dan Mempertahankan Kinerja Unggul. Edisi 2 Jakarta,
Erlangga.
--------------, (1998). Cluster and the New Economics of Competition Free Press, New York. Harvard Business
Review 76 (6), 77-90
---------------, (2004) Building the microeconomic foundations of prosperity: findings from the business competitiveness
index‘, In Sala-i-Martin, X. (ed.), The Global Competitiveness Report 2003–2004. Oxford University Press: New York.
--------------, (2005) Competitiveness Framework—Recent Learnings and New Research Priorities.
--------------, (2008) Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, Harvard Business
School.
------------ and Mark R. Kramer (2011) "Creating Shared Value." Harvard Business Review 89, nos. 1-2 (January–
February 2011): 62–77.
Prater,E., Biehl, M., and Smith, MA (2001) International supply chain agility - tradeoff between flexibility and
uncertainty. International Journal of Operations and Production Management 21, 823-839.
Pujawan, I.N. (2004) Ekonomi Teknik. Penerbit Guna Widya. Surabaya.
Pujawan, I.N. (2005). Supply Chain Management. Penerbit Guna Widya. Surabaya.
Pujawan, I. N., dan Mahendrawati. (2010). Supply Chain Management. Surabaya.: Penerbit Guna Widya.
Pusat Data Statistik dan Informasi Sekretariat Jenderal Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (2013).
Radnor ZJ, Barnes D. (2007). Historical analysis of performance measurement and management in operations
management. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 56: 384 – 396.
Rakhman, A., Surachman, Mintarti Rahayu dan Sumiati (2016). The effect of supply chain integration, supply chain
flexibility and supply chain management practices on competitive advantage and their performance moderated by
environment uncertainty in manufacturing industry go public in Jabodetabek. IJABER Vol 14, No 3:2015-2042.
Riley, M. and Lockwood, A. (1997), Strategies and Measurement for Workforce Flexibility: an application of
functional flexibility in a service setting, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, Vol. 17
No.4, pp.413-9.
Robinson, W., Fornell, C., and Sullivan, M. (1992) Are Market Pioneers Intrinsically Stronger than Later Entrants?
Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 13 No.6, pp.609-24.
Rusindiyanto dan Ernawati (2005) Pengukuran dan Analisa Fleksibilitas rantai pasokan, Seminar Nasional Teknik
Industri, UPN Veteran Surabaya.
Salazar, Ronald. (2012) The effect SCM processes competitive advantage and organizational performance. Airforce
institude of technology, OHIO.
Saunders, M., Mann, R., Smith, R. (2007). Benchmarking strategy deployment practices. Benchmarking. 145:609-
Sanchez, A.M. and Perez, M.P. (2005), ―Supply chain flexibility and firm performance: a conceptual model and
empirical study in the automotive industry‖, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, Vol.
No. 7, pp. 681-700.
Schroder, R.G., Aderson, J.C., Cleveland, G., (1986). The Content of Manufacturing Strategy. Journal of Operation
Management. 6,4: pp. 367-389.
Schroder, R.G (2004) Operation Management. Contemporary Concept and Cases 4 edition McGrwa Hills New
York.
Seri Analisis Pembangunan Wilayah Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, (2015).
Shahin and Mahbod (2007) "Prioritization of Key Performance Indicators: An integration of analytical hierarchy
process and goal setting", International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Vol. 56 Iss: 3, pp.226
– 240.
Sheridan, J. H. (1998). The supply-chain paradox. Industry Week 247(3), 20–29.
Simanjuntak, Payaman J. (2005). Manajemen and Evaluasi Kinerja. Jakarta: FE UI.
Simchi-Levi, David and Kaminsky (2004). ―Managing the Supply Chain: The Definitive Guide for the Business
Professional‖, McGraw-Hill.
Soo W.K. (2006). Effects of Supply Chain Management Practices, Integration and Competition Capability on
Performance. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal. Vol. 11. No. 3, pp. 241-248.
Soon, Quah Hock and Udin, Zulkifly Mohamed, (2001). Supply Chain Management from the perspective of value
chain flexibility: an exploratory studi Manufacturing Technology Management,22(4),506-526.
Spanos and S. Lioukas, (2001). An examination into the causal logic of rent generation: contrasting Porter's
competitive strategy framework and the resource-based perspective'', Strategic Management Journal, vol. 22, pp.
-934.
Spekman, R. E., Kamauff, Jr., J. W., Myhr, N. (1998), An empirical investigation into supply chain management: a
perspective on partnerships, Supply Chain Management, Vol 3, No. 2, pp. 53-67.
Stank, Keller and Daugherty. (2001). Supply Chain Collaboration and Logistical service Performance. Journal of
Business Logistic 22(1) 29-48.
Stevenson and Spring (2007) Flexibility from Supply Chain Perspective. Definition and Review International
Journal of Operations and Production Management 27(7), 685-713.
Stevenson and Spring (2009). Supply Chain Flexibility: an inter firm empirical study. International Journal of
Operations and Production Management 29 (9), 946-971.
Stiffler MA. (2006). Performance: Creating the Performance-Driven Organization. New Jersey: John Wiley and
Sons Inc.
Stock,G.N., Greis,N.P. and Kasarda,J.D. (2000). Enterprise Logistics and Supply Chain Structure: The Role offit.
Journal of operation management,18(5):531-547.
Stoner, James A.F., Freeman Edward and Andiel Gilbert, (1996), Manajemen. Edisi Bahasa Indonesia. Gramedia
Group, Jakarta.
Stoner, James A.F and Freeman Edward (2000) Manajemen. Edisi Bahasa Indonesia. Prenhalindo, Jakarta.
Stuart dan McCutcheon (1996) Sustaining Strategic Supplier Alliances: Profiling the dynamic requirements for
continued development", International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 16 Issue: 10, pp.5-22
Sugiyono, (2002) Metode Penelitian Administrasi, Bandung: CV. Alfabeta.
------------, (2004) Metodologi Penelitian Bisnis Bandung: PT Alfa Beta.
------------, (2014) Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan Kombinasi (Mixed Method) Bandung: PT Alfa
Beta.
Sukati. Inda, Baharun.R, Alifah.MN and Anuar M.A, (2012). Competitive Advantage through Supply Chain
Responsiveness and Supply Chain Integration. International journal of business and commerce. Vol 1, No 7 pp 1-11.
Sumiharjo, Tumar (2008) Daya Saing Berbasis Potensi Daerah. Bandung: Puskomedia.
Sumarow, Jacky. (2013) Pengaruh Manajemen Rantai pasokan Terhadap Keunggulan Bersaing serta
DampaknyaTterhadap Kinerja Perusahaan pada Industri Kelapa di Propinsi Sulawesi Utara. Disertasi.
Swafford, P. Ghosh‘s, Murthy, N., (2001) A Model of Global Supply Chain Activity and It‘s Impact on
Competitive.
Talaja, Josipa and Ercegović (2013) Competitive Advantage and Company‘s Performance: exploring the differences
and relationship. Advanced research in Scientific Area SBN: 978-80-554-0825-5 ISSN: 1338-9831.
Tan, K. C., Kannan, V. R., and Handfield, R. B. (1998). Supply Chain Management: Supplier performance and firm
performance. International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management 34(3), 2–9.
Tangen S. (2004). Performance Measurement: From Philosophy to Practice. International Journal of Productivity
and Performance Management 53 (8): 726 – 737.
Tenenhaus M, Vinzi VE, Chatelin YM, Lauro C (2005) PLS path modeling. Comput Stat Data Anal 48(1):159–205.
Thomas, J. (1999), Why your supply chain doesn't work, Logistics Management and Distribution Report, Vol. 38
No.6, pp. 42-44.
Tiwari,K.,A.Tiwari.,and Cherian Samuel (2015) "Supply chain flexibility: a comprehensive review", Management
Research Review, Vol. 38 Iss: 7, pp.767 – 792.
Toyin , A.I. (2012). Supply Chain Management (SCM) Practices in Nigeria Today: Impact on SCM Performance.
European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 6, pp 107 – 115.
Tracey, M., Vonderembse, M. A., and Lim, J. S. (1999), ―Manufacturing Technology and Strategy Formulation:
Keys to Enhancing Competitiveness and Improving Performance‖, Journal of Operations Management, 17(4), pp.
-428.
Turban, Rainer, and Porter (2004) Supply Chain Management. http:/id.wikipedia.org/wiki managemen-rantaisupply.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), (2011) Human Development Report 2011 Sustainability and
Equity A Better Future For All, New York, USA. 185p.
Upton, D. (1994), The Management of Manufacturing Flexibility, California Management Review, Vol. 36 No.1,
pp.72-89.
Vickery, S. K., Droge, Cornelia, Markl and Robert.E (1997) Dimension of manufacturing Strength in The Furniture
Industry. Journal of Operation Management Elsevier 15. 317-330.
Vickery, S. K., Calantone.R, Droge, Cornelia, (1999) Supply Chain Flexibility: An empirical study. Journal of
Supply Chain Management Vol 35(16-24).
Vickery, S. K., Jayaram, J., Calantone.R, Droge, Cornelia, (2003) The effects of an integrative supply chain strategy
on customer service and financial performance: an analysis of direct versus indirect relationships. Journal of
Operations Management. 21, 523–539.
Walker, Gordon (2003) Modern Competitive Strategy. New York. The MacGrow Hill Companies.
Wibisono D. (1999). Analisis Keterkaitan Variabel Kinerja dalam Perusahaan Manufaktur. Jurnal ISTMI 3 (2): 27-
Williamson, Oliver (1975) Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications: A study in the economics
of internal organization. New York: Free Press.
----------------------, (1985) The Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms, markets, relational contracting. New
York: Free Press.
----------------------, (1989) Transaction cost economics vol. 1, pp 135-182 Elsevie.
World Bank (IBRD, Annual Report Look (2013), IMF Annual report.
Yamin dan Kurniawan (2011) Partial Least Square Path Modeling. Salemba Infotek.
Zaroni, (2015) Menilai Kinerja Perusahaan Published in Artikel SupplyChain Wednesday, 20 May 2015 .
Zaroni (2016) Transportasi Dalam Rantai Pasok dan Logistik. Artikel Supply Chain Indonesia.
http://supplychainindonesia.com/new/transportasi-dalam-rantai-pasok-dan-logistik/.
Zhang, Q. Y. (2001). ―Technology Infusion Enabled Value Chain Flexibility: A Learning and Capability Based
Perspective,‖ Doctoral dissertation, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Zhang, Q., Von Derembse, M. A., Lim, ( 2 0 0 3 ) Manufacturing Flexibility: Defining and Analizing
Relationship Among Competence, Capability, and Customer Satisfaction, Journal of Operation Management
(2003) 173-191.
Peraturan Menteri Nomor 56 Tahun 2014 tentang moratorium dan Peraturan Menteri Nomor 57 Tahun 2014 tentang
alih muatan.
Peraturan Presiden Nomor 26 tahun 2012 Bitung ditetapkan sebagai International Hub Sea Port (IHP).
TRANSFER OF COPYRIGHT
JRBEM is pleased to undertake the publication of your contribution to Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management.
The copyright to this article is transferred to JRBEM(including without limitation, the right to publish the work in whole or in part in any and all forms of media, now or hereafter known) effective if and when the article is accepted for publication thus granting JRBEM all rights for the work so that both parties may be protected from the consequences of unauthorized use.