TY - JOUR AU - Mohamed S. El Naschie AU - Ji-Huan He AU - Leila Marek-Crnjac PY - 2020/07/04 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - Topological vacuum fluctuation and Dvoretzky‘s theorem – Mathematical proofs in the context of the dark energy density of the universe JF - Journal of Progressive Research in Mathematics JA - JPRM VL - 16 IS - 3 SE - Articles DO - UR - http://scitecresearch.com/journals/index.php/jprm/article/view/1873 AB - Starting from the initial triality of physics, namely mathematical philosophy, transfinite set theory and number theory we drive the inevitability of a topological quantum vacuum fluctuation of spacetime resulting in the fundamental reality of pair creation and annihilation. Subsequently we give a simple but strong mathematical proof of Dvoretzky‘s marvellous theorem on measure concentration, thus making dark energy and accelerated cosmic expansion not only an astrophysical measurement and observational reality, but also a plausible topological-geometrical fact of a pointless Cantorian actual universe akin to the Penrose fractal tiling space. This space is described accurately via the von Neumann-Conne noncommutative geometry using their golden mean dimensional function and the corresponding bijection of E-infinity theory. The said theory was developed by the authors of the present paper and their group and is based on and starts from the pioneering efforts of the Canadian physicist G. Ord and the French astrophysicist L. Nottale. ER -